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Carsten Niemitz
Carsten Niemitz (born 1945 in Dessau) is a German anatomist, ethologist, and human evolutionary biologist.
==Life and work==
Niemitz studied biology, mathematics, medicine and art history at the Universities of Giessen, Freiburg, Göttingen and at the Free University of Berlin. He graduated in Biology in 1970.〔http://www.fh-bingen.de/aktuelles/detail.html?tx_ttnews%5Byear%5D=2010&tx_ttnews%5Bmonth%5D=07&tx_ttnews%5Bday%5D=09&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=603&cHash=83fdada0e063e1ef913fdc1780e9d40b〕 From 1968 to 1971 he was employed at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt. He spent the years 1971 to 1973 in the jungle of Sarawak on Borneo. After returning to Germany he was awarded his doctorate in biology in 1974. In 1975 he qualified to teach anatomy and until 1978 was lecturer at the Anatomical Institute of the University of Göttingen. At the age of 32 he was appointed Professor of Human Biology at the Free University of Berlin, a post he held as head of the Institute until 2010. In 1987 he was consultant to the IUCN as a member of the ''Species Survival Commission.'' In 1993 he was appointed as professor of zoology at the University of Essen and was a visiting professor of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Potsdam. During a research trip in 1991 to Sulawesi, he discovered the primate ''Tarsius dianae''. In 1996 he introduced in the Anthropological Society a proposal to ban the use of the term "race", which was later adopted officially by the society.
In addition to his field research on primates and the study of biomechanics, one of his research interests was the origin of language and writing, with investigation into communication amongst anthropoid apes. He was one of those who regarded facial expressions and gestures as a precursor of human writing skills. In brief, his thesis was that the abilities to read and write are biologically older than those of language, because such visual communication was later supplemented by vocal and acoustic signals.
In the late eighties and the nineties he was one of those who raised the alarm about the depletion of tropical rain forests. From 2000 Niemitz developed an "amphibious" theory of the evolution of upright human posture and walking erect, according to which "there was a period in our evolution when it was wading and shore use which in a sustained and substantial way helped to shape today's people".〔Niemitz 2006, p 210〕 Niemitz rejects the more extensive aquatic ape hypothesis, which accepts a real aquatic (water living) phase in human evolution.〔Niemitz 2006, pp. 204-210〕 His publication list includes over 350 titles and many books. He also became active as a translator and as a writer of textbooks and for radio, film and television.
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